The Story
PNK is more than just an investment firm. We’re a strategic partner committed to leveraging growth, advising on sustainability, and investing in both people and businesses.
About Us
PNK is more than just an investment firm. We’re a strategic partner committed to leveraging growth, advising on sustainability, and investing in both people and businesses.
About UsFrom seed to scale, we’re with you every step of the way. PNK provides tailored investment solutions to help businesses accelerate growth. Whether you’re an early-stage startup with a promising idea or an established company seeking expansion capital, we’re committed to helping you achieve your goals.
Finance
Investment Insight
Startup founders typically seek external funding to support their growth and operations as a new business. This is where the funding series comes into play. The funding series refers to the various stages of investment that startups go through to raise capital from investors. Each series represents a different phase in a company’s development, reflecting its evolving goals, market position, and financial needs. Every round of funding plays a significant role, from validating a business model to scaling operations or entering new markets.
In this article, we will explore the different stages of a funding series and how they work. Understanding the structure, purpose, and expectations of each funding series is essential for entrepreneurs seeking capital or investors looking to make informed decisions.
Funding series are the structured rounds of investment that startups go through to raise capital from investors in exchange for equity or ownership in the company. These funding rounds typically follow an initial seed funding phase and are labelled Series A, B, C, and more. As investors provide capital in exchange for equity, they expect returns if the company succeeds.
Each round in the funding series represents a specific stage in the startup’s growth and development. For example, seed funding is often used to launch a company and develop its initial product, while Series A funding helps the company to scale operations and expand market reach. Further rounds, like Series B and beyond, are aimed at further growth, entering new markets, or preparing for an IPO or acquisition. The funding series seeks to provide startups with the capital needed to achieve specific growth milestones at different stages of their development.
Each series in the funding process is designed to support a specific stage of the company’s development. It typically begins after the initial seed funding, which helps turn an idea into a viable business model and prototype. Subsequent stages, like Series A, B, and beyond, allow startups to secure larger investments from investors.
Each stage in the funding series also involves a new business valuation, which determines the startup’s monetary worth. With each round, the company’s valuation typically increases, allowing it to raise more capital with less dilution of ownership for the founders and early investors.
However, raising funds through these funding series also means founders give up increasing equity stakes as the company grows. Not all startups go through every round, with many stopping once their funding needs are met or the business stabilizes.
There is no fixed number of funding series before an IPO, but typically, startups will go through five or more funding series. It starts with pre-seed and seed funding, followed by Series A, B, and C. Beyond Series C, there can be additional stages such as Series D, E, and more, which are less common but do exist for companies continuing to raise capital for business growth or strategic purposes.
Pre-seed funding is the earliest and often informal round of funding. It typically involves founders, family, friends, or incubators to provide initial capital to launch the business. The funds are used to develop prototypes and minimum viable products, conduct market research, and build the initial team. The funding ranges from a few thousand dollars to $1 million and can span 6 to 18 months. This round is mostly about proving the concept and preparing for formal fundraising.
Seed funding is the first official round of external investment from professional investors. They can include seed-stage venture capital firms, angel investors, etc. It helps startups refine their product, identify their target market, and build a scalable business model. This stage is critical for early product development and market entry. Amounts vary widely, but it is often hundreds of thousands to a few million dollars. The seed funding process typically spans 12 to 24 months.
Series A can be considered the first significant round after seed funding. In this stage, startups usually develop a working product with some early user base or revenue. The goal is to refine the business model, scale customer acquisition, and optimize operations. Funding amounts range from $2 million to $15 million. This stage usually lasts 12–18 months.
Series B funding supports startups that have proven their product-market fit and are ready to scale aggressively. The goal is to expand market reach, grow the team, and increase production or service capacity. Investments in this stage are larger, often between $7 million and $50 million, and come primarily from venture capital firms. A Series B round lasts 10–18 months before moving to Series C.
Series C is a late-stage round for mature companies looking to expand, enter new markets, make acquisitions, or develop new products. This round attracts larger institutional investors such as private equity firms and investment banks. Funding amounts are substantial, often $50 million or more. Series C and beyond mostly are less standardized in duration but usually occur as companies show predictable growth and prepare for exit strategies like IPOs or acquisitions.
Phintraco Natha Kapital is a dedicated partner for startups seeking growth capital and strategic guidance. Established in 2020 as a reputable private equity firm backed by Phintraco Group, we offer strategic investment management and tailored advisory services for companies looking for growth. While we support companies at all stages, we particularly seek to partner with established businesses that need leverage to accelerate growth.
Our investment focus spans diverse sectors, including ICT (encompassing IT infrastructure, contact centre solutions, and emerging technologies), property, manufacturing, and education. We also offer tailored advisory services, leveraging our extensive network and deep industry expertise to unlock potential.
Phintraco Natha Kapital invests in companies and the founders driving them. We believe in fostering long-term success through personalized support, strategic guidance, and access to resources beyond capital.
Editor: Trie Ayu Feminin & Irnadia Fardila
Finance
Investment Insight
In early 2020, a massive flood struck Jakarta, forcing many businesses to shut down operations for days to weeks, causing severe financial losses. However, companies with a well-prepared business continuity plan (BCP) managed to adapt quickly by switching to remote work, rerouting operations, and staying connected with clients. This is an example of a business continuity plan, which is essential to keep operations running during unexpected disruptions.
A business continuity plan is more than a backup; it is a proactive strategy to ensure resilience, protect resources, and safeguard business reputation during crises. We will explore the importance of a business continuity plan and how to create one for your business.
A business continuity plan (BCP) refers to a plan that outlines how a company will continue operating during and after an unexpected event. These events can be cyberattacks, natural disasters, or pandemics. BCP ensures that personnel and assets are well-protected and can function quickly whenever a disruption occurs. A BCP covers all aspects of business operations, including IT, human resources, customer service, and more. BCP needs to be tested before an emergency event to ensure its effectiveness and identify possible weaknesses, which allowing for quick corrections.
A business continuity plan typically includes:
It is recommended that the business continuity plan be reviewed at least annually to ensure it remains relevant and effective. However, more frequent reviews are better whenever significant changes occur within the company or its external environment. These major changes can include new business processes, mergers and acquisitions, or external risks like environmental or geopolitical factors.
Some companies review their plan every six months, especially if the business continuity plan is complex or the company operates in highly regulated industries like healthcare or finance. Regular reviews help the company adapt to new threats, technological advancements, compliance requirements, and organizational changes more effectively.
Running a business includes predicting what’s ahead, including potential threats that may disturb business operations. Without careful preparation, any unplanned disruption for a period of time can cause financial losses, higher costs, and difficulty starting again. To prevent these consequences, the company develops a business continuity plan to maintain critical functions and quickly recover during and after unexpected disruptions.
Business continuity planning also allows companies to identify vulnerabilities and prepare strategies to handle these weaknesses. This can improve resilience and reduce the negative impact of emergencies. It also demonstrates reliability and preparedness, which are essential to maintaining customer trust and protecting the company’s reputation. Minimizing downtime during disruptions helps companies serve customers and prevent them from going to competitors.
Business continuity plans are also important to support long-term sustainability. Companies with robust continuity plans are also better positioned to survive disruptions. It serves as a unique competitive advantage, showing the company’s stability in facing emergency events.
Having a business continuity plan is essential for entrepreneurs who want to maintain effective business operations during and after an emergency. Here is the step-by-step process to create a business continuity plan:
The first step is identifying vital business processes, systems, and resources for the company’s operations. Assess dependencies and prioritize functions that must be maintained or restored quickly during a disruption. A recovery team with assigned roles is necessary to focus on continuity plans.
Analyze potential threats that could disrupt your business. These threats include natural disasters, cyber-attacks, power outages, pandemics, etc. Assess how likely each risk is and how severely it could impact your business of each threat to understand vulnerabilities. This process helps prioritize which risks need the most attention and guides the development of mitigation strategies.
Based on the risks identified, create detailed plans to mitigate and respond to these risks. It includes preventive measures, alternative work arrangements, and resource management to ensure critical functions can be restored promptly. Recovery procedures should be clear and actionable to minimize downtime and operational losses.
Communication protocols define how information will be shared during a crisis. It includes specifying communication channels, key contacts, and protocols for internal teams and stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, media, and government. Effective communication can maintain trust, transparency, and coordination throughout disruptions.
Train employees and relevant stakeholders on their roles within the business continuity plan to ensure their readiness during actual disruptions. Regularly test the plan through simulations, drills, or practical exercises to evaluate its effectiveness. This helps identify gaps and areas for improvement, ensuring the plan remains practical and up-to-date. The plan should also be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the business’s internal and external environment.
A robust continuity plan needs more than strategies, but also the right support to turn the plan into action. Phintraco Natha Kapital not only provides essential capital but also strategic advisory services and a powerful business network to help sustain your continuity plans. Backed by the reputable Phintraco Group, we have a strong presence across ICT, property, manufacturing, and education sectors, enabling us to offer more than financial backing, but also insights, proven experience, and trusted partnerships. Whether you are navigating disruption or scaling for future growth, our tailored investment approach empowers your business to stay resilient and agile. Partner with Phintraco Natha Kapital and gain the advantage of strategic capital and expert guidance that fuels long-term success.
Editor: Trie Ayu Feminin & Irnadia Fardila
Finance
Investment Insight
During 1998-2000, the world saw explosive excitement over the World Wide Web and the Internet, leading to the emergence of many new startups that wanted to capitalize on the internet trend. These internet-based startups, often with “.com” in their names, attracted massive venture capital and investor enthusiasm. This phenomenon is later known as “the dot-com startup bubble.”
However, many of these startups lacked sustainable business models. So, when the bubble burst in the early 2000s, it led to widespread bankruptcies and massive financial losses. The dot-com crash wiped out billions in capital and left a lasting lesson: not all innovation leads to sustainable business. This article will explore the definition of a startup bubble, its causes, and the consequences when it bursts.
The term “startup bubble” refers to a phenomenon in which the business valuation of startup companies rises sharply and artificially to levels much higher than their fundamental value. This is often driven by excessive investor enthusiasm for funding new and innovative business ideas from startups.
During this phase, startups often receive a large amount of funding, even if they don’t have a stable business model or apparent market demand. It creates a situation where expectations become unrealistic. When reality sinks in, investors will realize that the startups’ financial results are coming in way lower than projections. This will cause a sudden and significant decline, which is also known as a startup bubble burst.
Key indicators of a startup bubble include a combination of financial, behavioral, and market indicators that show overvaluation and unsustainable growth. Some of the warning signs are:
The startup bubble happens due to various reasons, such as:
When a startup bubble bursts, the impact ripples across industries and economies. Here’s what typically happens next after the burst:
Startup companies and entrepreneurs need to know several strategic actions to mitigate the impact of the startup bubble burst, such as:
Rapid expansion without product-market fit often leads to funding difficulties and layoffs when the bubble bursts. Startups should ensure their product or service truly meets market needs before heavily investing in growth strategies. Helps startups avoid overinvestment in unproven solutions.
Chasing fast growth without a solid business model can hurt startups, as it often leads to wasting resources too quickly. To survive long term, startups must manage costs wisely and focus on real revenue. Sustainable growth strategies can also prepare them for harsh funding climates.
Startups should continuously assess whether their business is profitable and understand the unit economics behind their operations. Investors increasingly seek startups that not only grow but also show clear paths to profitability. Adapting quickly to find profitable opportunities is essential to support long-term survival.
Entrepreneurs need to be aware of investor expectations, which now emphasize both growth and making a profit. Understanding changes in investor sentiment can guide startups to adjust their strategies accordingly. This step is essential to avoid overreliance on funding that may dry up during a bubble burst.
With the risks of startup bubbles looming, resilience and strategic growth have never been more crucial. At Phintraco Natha Kapital, we provide not only capital but also the tools, guidance, and connections they need to thrive. Backed by the reputable Phintraco Group, we bring decades of experience and a strong network across ICT, property, manufacturing, education, and more sectors. Whether you’re an established business seeking leverage or a growing tech startup looking for the next stage of acceleration, we tailor our support to your specific needs. From strategic investment management to advisory services and partnership facilitation, we’re committed to supporting long-term success.
Editor: Irnadia Fardila
Finance
Investment Insight
Few could have predicted its massive global impact when ByteDance launched TikTok (originally Douyin in China) in 2016. Just two years later, its acquisition of Musical.ly helped TikTok gain a foothold in the U.S. and other international markets. Today, TikTok boasts billions of downloads and a vast, loyal user base across the globe. TikTok’s success didn’t happen by chance but resulted from well-planned growth strategies to support its worldwide expansion. This article delves into the importance of business growth strategies and outlines seven strategies that can drive scalable and sustainable growth.
In business, growth strategies are detailed plans that companies use to expand their operations, boost revenue, and increase their market reach. Well-developed growth strategies are essential at every stage of business growth, as they guide how a business can expand its operations effectively. For example, a business in its early stages focuses on building its brand and attracting new customers. In later stages, the business’s growth strategies may involve expanding its product lines or entering new markets.
Companies must build growth strategies matching their business goals and market conditions to succeed. In addition, these strategies must be flexible to keep up with changing market trends. A strong growth strategy goes beyond profits and aims to improve customer satisfaction, brand loyalty, and operational performance.
Developing growth strategies is essential for any business aiming to thrive in a competitive market. Let’s explore why growth strategies are crucial for business success:
Growth strategies are essential to boost revenue and stay relevant and competitive in an increasingly tight business environment. As customer preferences, market trends, and technologies evolve, companies must innovate and adapt to avoid becoming obsolete. A clear growth plan helps businesses respond proactively to market changes, outperform competitors, and maintain or expand their market share.
Businesses need growth strategies to ensure their long-term survival. Without a growth plan, companies risk stagnation, leading to declining relevance and eventual failure. Growth strategies provide direction and focus, helping businesses set and achieve measurable goals that secure their future.
Businesses can identify and target new markets, customer segments, or product innovations through growth strategies. They can tap into new sources of revenue, increase profitability, and achieve economies of scale, which means the costs per unit decrease as output increases.
Businesses can develop unique strengths by building growth strategies, such as adopting new technologies, expanding product lines, or improving operational efficiencies. These strengths will set them apart from competitors. Businesses can attract and retain customers through enhanced competitive advantages, leading to better market influence.
A growing business is generally more capable of handling economic downturns and unexpected market disruptions. With diversified sources of revenue and a broader customer base, the company will gain greater stability. This makes it easier to manage changes in demand or respond to external challenges that may arise.
To grow effectively, businesses must choose a strategy that best suits their needs and goals. Let’s take a look at 7 types of growth strategies businesses can use to strengthen their market position:
Market penetration strategy focuses on increasing the business’s market share using its existing products or services. It involves attracting customers from competitors, encouraging more sales from current customers, or improving marketing and promotions. Typical actions include price adjustments, enhancing product quality, or increasing marketing efforts. It’s generally low risk as it aims at familiar markets and products. Successful brands like McDonald’s and Apple have used this strategy to solidify their positions in the market.
Product development strategy involves creating or improving new products to meet changing business needs. This strategy helps the business retain current customers and attract new ones by expanding its product lines. For example, a beauty brand that previously focused on makeup products is starting to launch a new line of hair care products.
Market development strategy means expanding into new markets with existing products or services. This may involve targeting new customers in different segments or regions or finding new uses for current products. The strategy requires market research and strong branding to attract new customers, helping businesses expand their customer base and revenue beyond current markets. An example of market development is Mie Gacoan, a famous spicy noodle restaurant from Malang that has expanded to multiple cities across Java.
Diversification is a growth strategy in which a business enters new markets with new products. These products can be related to existing products or involve completely different industries. This strategy helps mitigate risk while potentially delivering high returns when executed effectively. Samsung is an example of diversification, which operates in electronics and other sectors like semiconductors, home appliances, construction, and financial services.
Creating strategic partnerships allows businesses to combine each other’s strengths, share resources, and explore new markets or technologies together. These collaborations can lead to shared benefits such as greater innovation, reduced costs, and broader market reach. For example, GoJek created a strategic partnership with Tokopedia to create GoTo Group, which formed a robust ecosystem combining ride-hailing, logistics, e-commerce, and digital payments.
Acquisition growth, or inorganic growth, occurs when a company purchases or merges with another business to expand its market share quickly. This can provide instant access to new customers, technologies, or markets. Indosat Ooredoo is an example of acquisition growth, acquiring the local operations of 3 (Tri) Indonesia to strengthen its position in the mobile telecommunication market.
Utilizing alternative channels, such as online stores or new distribution methods, helps businesses reach new customer segments and reduce competition from traditional sales channels. The rise of e-commerce has made this strategy increasingly important, as more customers prefer shopping online, creating new revenue streams for businesses.
As your trusted investment firm, Phintraco Natha Kapital goes beyond providing capital, offering strategic guidance, deep industry expertise, and robust networks to drive sustainable business growth. Our investment portfolio includes various ICT companies, such as IT infrastructure, contact center solutions, token technology, smart cards, network, and IT security. However, Beyond industries, we invest in visionary leaders and passionate entrepreneurs, such as entrepreneurs and leaders with vision and passion. Sustainable growth stems from strong partnerships, clear direction, and the ability to adapt. Through our integrated approach, we help businesses grow faster, smarter, and more sustainably.
Editor: Irnadia Fardila
Finance
Investment Insight
Have you ever wondered how investors can acquire large companies without using much of their own money? This is the core idea behind a leveraged buyout (LBO) model. LBO is an acquisition strategy where a company is purchased using a significant amount of borrowed funds, with the acquired company’s assets often serving as collateral. LBO allows buyers to minimize their capital risk while aiming for maximum returns. However, it also carries substantial risk if not handled properly. This article will explore the meaning of leveraged buyout, how it works, and the advantages and disadvantages of this acquisition strategy.
Leveraged buyout (LBO) model refers to an acquisition of a company using borrowed money (debt) to finance the purchase. The buyer itself only contributes a small portion of equity capital. Some reasons for using a leveraged buyout to acquire a company include privatizing a public company, improving a company’s performance, and breaking up and selling a company. Leveraged buyout is different from management buyout, where the company’s existing management purchases the company. The leveraged buyout acquirers are usually private equity firms or external investors.
One key leveraged buyout metric is the debt-to-equity ratio, typically between 70% and 30%. This means the acquiring company invests 30% of the cost and borrows the remaining 70% to make the purchase.
Private equity firms commonly use this method to buy companies with minimal equity capital while maximizing the potential return on investment (ROI). Leveraged buyout aims to acquire a company with borrowed money, improve its financial performance and operations over several years, and sell the company at a higher value to generate significant returns.
A leveraged buyout model works by acquiring a target company by borrowing funds to minimize personal capital investment and maximize potential returns. Typically, the debt constitutes 70% to 90% of the total purchase price, while the remainder comes from the buyer’s capital. The acquired company’s assets and future cash flows are collateral to secure the loans used for the purchase. This means the company itself bears responsibility for repaying the debt. It allows the buyer to control the company by investing only a small amount of equity.
Once the acquisition is finished, the new owners aim to improve the company’s profitability by implementing operational efficiencies, reducing costs, and sometimes restructuring management. The company’s steady cash flow is important to service the debt over time, gradually reducing the leverage (debt). After typically 3 to 7 years, the buyer will implement an exit strategy in their leveraged buyout strategy, meaning they will either sell the improved company at a higher price or take it public, generating substantial returns on the initial equity invested.
As an acquisition strategy, leveraged buyout offers various advantages and disadvantages, such as:
The process of a leveraged buyout is as follows:
First is finding a suitable company to acquire. Investors typically look for mature and profitable companies that generate steady cash flow. This is important as the company needs enough cash flow to cover the large debt payments. The target company is usually undervalued or has the potential to improve operations and profitability in the coming years.
Next is structuring the financing for the acquisition. Most of the purchase is financed with debt; a smaller equity portion comes from the buyer. The debt can include senior, mezzanine, seller financing, bonds, or asset-based debt. The company’s assets often serve as collateral for the debt. The high leverage enables the buyer to make a large acquisition without committing a large amount of cash upfront.
The buyer and the lenders conduct detailed due diligence to confirm the target company’s financial health, cash flow, and risks. This involves reviewing financial statements, profit margins, and market position to ensure the company can support the debt load. Once finished, legal documentation is prepared to finalize the purchase agreement with the seller and the loan agreements with lenders.
After finalizing financing and agreements, the buyer completes the acquisition by taking control of the target company. The private equity firm or buyer sets an operational plan in motion to improve the company’s profitability. This can include cutting costs, restructuring management, improving operational efficiencies, and expanding into new markets
After acquisition, the main focus is to use the company’s cash flow to pay down the leveraged debt over time while simultaneously improving profit margins through operational improvements. The goal is to increase the company’s value by growing earnings and cash flow and optimizing the capital structure.
After a holding period typically between 5 to 7 years, the buyer aims to exit the investment profitably by selling the company either to another company, to another private equity firm, or through an initial public offering (IPO). The exit price ideally reflects a higher valuation multiple than at purchase, allowing investors to realize strong returns on equity.
A leveraged buyout can be a turning point in any company’s journey. With Phintraco Natha Kapital, this turning point can become a path to growth and innovation. As an investment firm, Phintraco Natha Kapital not only provides capital, but also strategic guidance and access to a huge network of industry experts. With a strong foundation in ICT and a growing portfolio in property, manufacturing, and education, we invest in promising businesses that are ready to scale. Whether you’re an established company seeking leverage to grow or a tech-focused venture looking for a trusted partner, Phintraco Natha Kapital offers the experience and resources to elevate your business. At Phintraco Natha Kapital, we invest in ideas, in execution, and most importantly, in people.
Editor: Irnadia Fardila
Finance
Investment Insight
In 2012, the tech giant Facebook successfully acquired Instagram for $1 billion. The $1 billion spent by Facebook demonstrates the value of Instagram, which is also reflected in its business valuation. Instagram’s valuation is not only based on revenue, but also on user growth and future potential. However, business valuation extends beyond numbers to consider factors such as market position, assets, and intangible elements.
Determining a business’s true value is essential in many business aspects, from mergers and acquisitions to securing investment or planning an exit strategy. This article will explore the fundamentals of business valuation and the 5 common methods, including how to calculate business valuation in each method.
Business valuation is a process of estimating the economic value of a company or business unit. This process involves analyzing various aspects of the company, including financial statements, assets, liabilities, management, capital structure, and future earnings prospects. Through valuation, business owners can determine whether others will pay for their business. It is often used in various situations, such as negotiating mergers and acquisitions with another company, selling the business, establishing partner ownership, or even personal reasons like divorce.
Understanding a business’s worth is more than just knowing numbers; it is also a key factor in guiding smart decisions. Here are several reasons why business valuation is important:
Business valuation offers a clear and objective assessment of a company’s value. It is an essential tool for evaluating a company’s overall performance and financial stability. By examining assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, business owners can gain insights into operational efficiency and pinpoint areas that need improvement. It helps to check overall strengths and weaknesses within the business, which is important for strategic planning and performance enhancement.
Business valuation is a critical tool for making informed strategic and investment decisions. It allows owners to assess the impact of management decisions on value, anticipate future earnings potential, and evaluate market position. This will help owners in planning business expansions, mergers & acquisitions, or new investments.
Valuation is often needed when preparing to sell a business, planning an exit strategy, or managing succession. It helps determine a fair selling price, ensuring owners maximize profit from a sale or transition. Valuation is also a key step in succession planning, allowing smooth ownership transfers and helping to secure a comfortable retirement or legacy for the owners.
An up-to-date business valuation provides a credible view of the company’s value and prospects. This makes negotiating with banks, venture capital firms, or private investors easier. For startups and growing businesses, valuation is important to determine equity stakes and to structure deals effectively.
There are various ways to calculate a company’s value. Here are the 5 common methods and how to calculate the value in each business valuation method:
Market capitalization is the simplest and most direct method for valuing publicly traded companies. It is calculated by multiplying the current share prices by the total outstanding shares. It reflects what the market collectively believes the company is worth at a given moment. However, this method doesn’t account for debt or cash holdings, meaning it may not always represent the true value of the business if significant liabilities or assets are present.
Market Capitalization = Share Price x Total Number of Shares Outstanding
Example: If a company has 10 million shares outstanding and the current share price is $20, the market capitalization is $200 million.
The time revenue method values a company by applying a multiplier to its revenues. Industry standards and the economic environment determine the multiplier. This method is useful when profits are inconsistent or not the main driver of value. Still, it can be less accurate than methods based on profits or cash flow, as revenue alone doesn’t account for costs or profitability.
To calculate using the time revenue method, the company must calculate its annual earnings and find its industry multiplier.
Time Revenue Method = Annual Earnings (or Profit) x Industry Multiplier
Example: If a company’s annual revenue is $5 million and the industry multiplier is 1,5x, the valuation is $7,5 million. The multiplier is different in each industry, like retail shops might be 1,5 or 2, while tech startups might be 5 to 10.
Earnings multiplier, also known as price-to-earnings ratio, is a widely used method for valuing a company by multiplying its earnings by a ratio that reflects industry standards and risk factors. It focuses on profits rather than revenue, giving a more accurate picture of financial success and sustainability.
The multiplier chosen is influenced by the risk associated with the business, future growth expectations, and current interest rates. A higher multiplier is used for businesses with strong growth prospects and lower risks, while a lower multiplier is used for companies with higher risks or stagnant businesses.
Earnings Multiplier = Net Earnings x P/E (Profit/Earning) Ratio
Example: If a company has annual net earnings of $5 million, and the industry P/E multiplier is 12, the estimated value is $60 million.
The discounted cash flow method estimates a company’s value based on its projected future cash flows, which are then discounted back to their present value using a rate that reflects the risk and time value of money. It is highly regarded for its accuracy in valuing businesses with stable and predictable cash flows, as it accounts for both the timing and risk of future earnings.
The DCF method is useful when future earnings are expected to differ from current or historical profits, such as in growth-oriented or restructuring companies.
Discounted Cash Flow = CF / (1+r)^1) + (CF / (1+r)^2) + (CF / (1+r)^3) + (…) + (CF / (1+r)^n)
In this formula, “CF” means cash flow, and “r” means the discount rate used to determine the present value of future cash flows.
Example: If a company expects to generate $1 million per year for the next 5 years and the discount rate is 10%, the present value of these cash flows can be calculated using the DCF formula.
The book value method calculates the value of a company by subtracting its total liabilities from its total assets, as reported on the balance sheet. This method is straightforward and is especially relevant for asset-heavy businesses, such as manufacturing or real estate. However, this method may misrepresent the true market value of a company’s assets or its future earning potential because it ignores intangible assets like brand value or goodwill unless the company explicitly records them.
Book Value = Total Assets – Total Liabilities
Example: According to its books, if a company has $100 million in assets and $30 million in liabilities, then the business is worth $70 million.
As an investment firm, Phintraco Natha Kapital provides capital, strategic advisory, and a strong industry network to help businesses unlock their full potential. Backed by the reputable Phintraco Group, we invest in promising ventures and the people behind them to achieve sustainable success. Whether in ICT, manufacturing, education, or property, we seek viable business models and visionary leadership. Our tailored investment strategies and deep market insights empower businesses to accelerate their growth and expand their market presence.
By choosing Phintraco Natha Kapital, you will gain a partner committed to fostering innovation and long-term success. Whether you are an established business seeking to scale or a technology-driven venture looking for strategic investment, we are here to help you unlock your full potential and achieve sustainable growth.
Editor: Trie Ayu Feminin & Irnadia Fardila
